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By Delfin Carbonell Basset, Voxxi

Daniel Boone is an American legend. Don Juan de Oñate is an unknown native-born Explorador. Why the difference?

Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881) says in his Heroes, Hero Worship and the Heroic in History, 1841:

…Universal History, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here. They were the leaders of men, these great ones; the modelers, patterns, and in a wide sense creators, of whatsoever the general mass of men contrived to do or to attain; all things that we see standing accomplished in the world are properly the outer material result, the practical realization and embodiment, of Thoughts that dwelt in the Great Men…

Don Juan de Oñate a native American

Don Juan de Oñate was a native American, born In Zacatecas, New Spain, Nueva España, now Mexico, in 1550—fifty eight years after the discovery. In 1595 Felipe II entrusted him with a mission: to explore and colonize the northern frontier of New Spain. Oñate forded the Río Grande in 1598, where the present-day El Paso is located, on April 30, 1598. He claimed all the territory for Spain as New Mexico—Nuevo México. A Mass and festivities followed as acts of gratefulness, which could very well be considered the second Thanksgiving celebrated on American soil. September 8, 1565 was the first such celebration offered by don Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, founder of St. Agustine, Florida, another of the forgotten heroes.

Oñate explored northern New Mexico and founded the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, becoming its first governor. He set up plans for the founding of the town of Santa Fe. His explorations and travels were sprinkled with dangers, wars, cruelties, discoveries, killings, enslavement and plundering. He was recalled to Mexico City and tried and convicted of cruelty to Indians and Spaniards. His appeal was successful and he was exonerated of all charges. He later went to Spain where he died in 1626 at the age of 76.

Daniel Boone became a legend in his own lifetime and continues to be a legend. Juan de Oñate was no saint on earth, certainly, but a man of action and a leader of men. He was called “the last of the Conquistadors”, but was not considered a legend in his own lifetime or even a hero today. However, the history of the American Southwest cannot be understood without him.

This article was first published in Voxxi.

Delfin Carbonell Basset is a contemporary lexicographer and creator of the Unialphabet system.

[Photo by Advanced Source Productions]

By Miguel Perez, Hidden Hispanic Heritage

For Latino immigrants, no other American holiday is more precious than Thanksgiving.

“El dia de accion de gracias,” as we know it in Spanish, is a welcomed opportunity to reflect on the reasons we came here and to express our gratitude for the religious, political and economic freedoms we enjoy — just like the Pilgrims of Plymouth Colony.

You may not know it — not from the way many Latinos often are seen protesting in defense of their civil rights — but you can be sure that on Thanksgiving Day, many more Latinos were giving thanks for being your fellow “Americanos.”

Nevertheless, in the interest of historical correctness and self-esteem, it would be disingenuous for Latinos to pretend there were no other Thanksgivings, especially because we know they were celebrated by our Spanish ancestors.

Because history is written by the winners, American history ignores Spanish contributions to North America — for a whole century before the Mayflower arrived in 1620.

And that includes at least two Spanish-language Thanksgiving ceremonies held on U.S. soil many years before the Pilgrims’ famous feast in 1621. In fact, Spanish explorers held religious Thanksgivings every time they stepped ashore on what is now U.S. territory, starting with the Juan Ponce de Leon expedition from Puerto Rico to Florida in 1513.But contrary to popular wisdom, the first Thanksgiving with Indians is not the one we commemorate every November.

On Sept. 15, 1565, 56 years before the Plymouth Thanksgiving, Spanish explorers led by Pedro Menendez de Aviles celebrated the first U.S. mass and invited the Timucua natives to a Thanksgiving meal in what is now St. Augustine, Fla. Historians speculate they ate salted pork, garbanzo beans and biscuits.

On April 20, 1598, 23 years before Plymouth, 600 colonists led by Juan de Onate celebrated the end of a long expedition across Mexico’s Chihuahua Desert. Their Thanksgiving ceremony with Indians, near (what later became) El Paso, Texas, is still known as the Texas Thanksgiving and has been recognized in resolutions by the state Legislature.

They came across the U.S.-Mexican border before there was a border and before the Anglo-Saxon ancestors of today’s border vigilantes had even arrived in the New World.

Of course, while expressing our gratitude on Thanksgiving Day, the hidden history of our other Thanksgivings becomes a sour note for many Latinos — especially at a time when illegal immigration and the Mexican border have polarized this country and turned many Americans against the Hispanic population

When Latinos recall their long history of contributions to this country — from those who built the first city to those who still are fighting to defend this nation — we have little choice but to feel offended by the tone of today’s public debates over immigration, the Mexican border and the Spanish language.

It puts a damper on an otherwise wonderful holiday.

For living in the greatest country on earth, it’s necessary to be thankful. This is a privilege not to be taken for granted! But when we are reminded that there are ignored Hispanic Thanksgivings and centuries of hidden Hispanic heritage, saying “gracias” becomes a little more difficult as we cut into our Latino-style turkeys every year.

Certainly, we cannot be thankful for the prejudice and discrimination displayed by a growing number of Americans who feel threatened by the growth of the U.S. Hispanic population.

In the spirit of reconciliation and Thanksgiving, all we can do is recognize that their attitude toward Latinos is based on their limited knowledge of Latino-American history. Ignorance of Latino contributions to U.S. society feeds a vicious cycle of widespread prejudice and discrimination.

Occasionally, during the next year, this column will be devoted to Latino-American history. We’ll try to fill some of the gaps in American history books and school curricula. And we’ll examine how ignoring America’s Hispanic heritage has a negative effect on the image of the Hispanic community and the self-esteem of young Latinos today.

Who knows? By next Thanksgiving, maybe we will have outlined many reasons for young Latinos to feel proud of their heritage and for many non-Latino Americans to say “gracias” to their Hispanic neighbors.

This article was first published in HiddenHispanicHeritage.

Miguel Perez is a syndicated columnist with Creators Syndicate; he’s a Professor and Chair,  of the Department of Journalism, Communication and Theatre at Lehman College, CUNY; and he’s also a Political Analyst with Telemundo 47, New York City.

[Image courtesy Cathedral of St. Augustine]