May 21, 2013
Tag Archives: pancho villa

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Pancho Villa! Hollywood Darling

text_mex_galleryblog-300x61From the textmex obsessed imagination of 

The introduction of Tex[t]-Mex is a thinly disguised love letter to Paul Virilio, whose War & Cinema infected my synapses in a determinate fashion back in villa_mextasythe go-go days of deconstruction, when frenchie intellectual fare was the order of the day. In it, I barely scratch the surface on Doroteo Arango (aka Pancho Villa) and his collaborations with motion pictures and Hollywood Studios.

A better resource? Rita Gonzalez’s brief piece on Gregoria Rocha’s ROLLOS PERDIDOS DE PANCHO VILLA/The Lost Reels of Pancho Villa, from 2003 available via SubCine. I’ll update this posting after I screen the film next week! The film is conveniently available in four parts via YouTube…

This post first appeared in the textmex galleryblog.

William Anthony Nericcio, aka “Memo,” is the Director of San Diego State University’s ever-evolving MALAS program (The Master of Arts in Liberal Arts and Sciences)–a dynamic, interdisciplinary, cultural studies graduate program located near the U.S./Mexico border. Nericcio also serves on the faculties of the Chicana/o Studies Department, the Center for Latin American Studies and the Department of English and Comparative Literature at SDSU.

Día de la Revolución: Pancho Villa and My Grandfather

By Tony Castro, Voxxi

My grandfather, Jose Angel Castro, was 14 when he first met Pancho Villa who had fled to the northern state of Chihuahua after killing an officer of the Mexican army and stealing his horse.

“He wasn’t yet Pancho Villa,” my grandfather used to say when he would tell the story. “He was Arango. Jose Arango, and we met when he came to our stable to sell his horse. He was starving, wounded and hadn’t slept in days.”

“He didn’t know it, but he had come to the one house in Chihuahua that would welcome him with open arms. The federales had taken all our horses the year before and paid my father only a fraction of what they were worth.”

“’Keep your horse,’ my father told him. ‘And come inside. Eat and rest. We’ll doctor your wound.’”

It was 1903. Arango, who had lived briefly in Chihuahua already had a reputation as a bandit and an outlaw, but had been forced to join the federal army just months before deserting, killing the officer and fleeing.

 

“I nursed his wound, fed him, and he trusted my father and trusted me,” my grandfather recalled. “’You and I are tocayos!’ he told me.

I didn’t know what that was. I thought he meant we were outlaws. Imagine how silly I felt when I learned it only meant we shared the same Christian name.

The birth of Pancho Villa

“But he said we weren’t to call him Jose Arango. He had decided that he was going to be Villa, after one of his grandfathers. It was as if Francisco ‘Pancho’ Villa was born right there under our roof.”

My grandfather would tell these stories about Villa from time to time, but most often on November 20—el Día de la Revoluciónwhen he would commemorate with other Mexican immigrants at a yearly celebration on Calle Dos, a name given to a Mexican area of my hometown in Texas.

On the day of those festivals, my grandfather would wear an old leather bandoleer over a double-breasted pinstriped suit. The bandoleer was always empty, as he would remove the bullets and leave the ammunition in his home.

But he was a sight, and those were the only days that I also saw him sporting an old Mexican sombrero like the kind you see on faded photographs of Villa. My grandfather had a wrinkled sepia picture of Villa with several young men, one of them he said was him.

“Villa was a man, the rest of us boys,” he would say when he would show the photograph. “We were boys learning to be men.”

Villa returned to Chihuahua numerous times to take shelter with my grandfather’s family, sometimes sleeping in one of the stables, according to my grandfather.

“Villa was still a bandit, but he was the kind of bandit who would rob from the hacienda owners and give what he stole to the people.”

The Mexican Revolution

It might have stayed that way, my grandfather said, with Villa more of a Robin Hood had he not finally connected with Francisco Madero, the politician who many credit for fathering the Mexico Revolution against dictator Porfirio Diaz.

By 1910, when the revolution began, my grandfather was riding with Villa in his mounted cavalry troop that came to be known as the División del Norte.

I was a young boy when I first began hearing these stories from my grandfather and, understandably, developed romantic notions of what this revolutionary period might have been like.

My grandfather, however, was always careful to caution that the revolution had been ugly, like most wars. His family eventually had to flee Mexico, and there were numerous times when he talked about being on the run from setbacks that the Villa troops had suffered.

The most serious of those setbacks occurred in April of 1915 at the Battle of Celaya where my grandfather suffered a serious leg wound. By then he had made several crossings into South Texas, according to border entry records. He made his final crossing that May, joining his family to be nursed back to health.

My grandfather never returned to Mexico, even after the end of the revolution, which is often said to have ended in 1920, though fighting continued into the decade.

“If you’re a true Mejicano,” my grandfather used to say, “the revolution will never be over.”

This article was first published in Voxxi.

Los Angeles-based writer Tony Castro is the author of the critically-acclaimed “Chicano Power: The Emergence of Mexican America” and the best-selling “Mickey Mantle: America’s Prodigal Son.”

[Photo by Bain News Service, Wikimedia]

Mexico’s Day of the Revolution – A Holiday Worth Celebrating

By Phillipe Diederich, Voxxi

November 20th is Mexico’s Día de la Revolución (Day of the Revolution). It’s not Independence Day, and it’s certainly not Cinco de Mayo, which celebrates the Mexican victory over the French during the battle of Puebla in a war the Mexican’s eventually lost. What is Mexico’s Day of the Revolution about then?

Mexico’s revolution started in 1910 and ‘officially’ ended with the Constitution of 1917. But fighting, and social repositioning in the country went on through the mid 1920s. The Revolution ended the 33-year dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz, and set Mexico on a modern socialist path.

During the time of the Diaz regime Mexico’s economy boomed and was sometimes compared to the economies of Great Brittan, France and Germany. Diaz, ran a centralized government, and gave substantial land and tax breaks to foreign companies, so the Mexican economic boom was only being felt by the rich, and the foreign corporation that were given preferred status; mines, railroads and other concessions.

Day of the Revolution – History

A series of events brought about the Mexican Revolution and the toppling of the Porfiriato, as the Diaz regime was known. Not only was there a huge economic gap between the 99 percent poor and the 1 percent rich, but the government also privatized the ancestral and communal lands of hundreds of thousands of peasants. At the time, 95 percent of the land in Mexico was owned by 5 percent of the population.

In 1910, Francisco I. Madero, a statesman from a wealthy family, campaigned to become the next president of Mexico, but Diaz had Madero arrested and declared himself the winner of the election. Madero escaped from prison and is credited with starting the Revolution when he launched the Plan de San Luis Potosi in 1910, and calling for armed revolt on November 20th, 1910.

In 1911 Diaz resigned and Madero was elected president, but was toppled in a military coup led by General Victoriano Huerta and killed in 1913. While all this political positioning was taking place, Pancho Villa was stirring things up in Chihuahua as a Maderista, and Emiliano Zapata was rebelling for peasant rights in Morelos, in southern Mexico.

When Madreo supporter and Primer Jefe of the Constitutionalist Army, Venustiano Carranza, marched triumphantly into Mexico City in August of 1914, he broke with revolutionary leaders, Zapata and Villa. Carranza became president and established the Constitution of 1917, which to many became the official end of the revolution.

The Constitution of 1917 stripped the church of much of its power, which led to uneasiness between the church and the government. In 1924, when Plutarco Elias Calles took over the presidency, secularist laws were applied stringently. Groups of Catholics revolted in 1926, and this gave way to what became known as the Cristero War.

The early 1920s saw many ideological changes as Mexico reestablished relations with the Soviet Union. The first murals by Diego Rivera, Jose Orozco and David Siqueiros were created opening up an era that openly embraced Mexico’s indigenous heritage, and meztisaje. Also, as a result of the 1917 Constitution, Mexico’s relationship with the Soviet Union, and land and social reforms pushed on by Zapata, Villa and others, the first national worker’s union, Confederación Regional Obrera Mexicana, was created in 1918.

But one of the most important accomplishments of the Mexican revolution of November 20, 1910, was national pride. The revolution gave peasants and workers a sentiment of worth, that they have rights, and that they can fight for these rights.  It’s is one of the reasons popular protests and movements like Yo Soy el 123, or the Zapatista uprising in Chiapas can happen today after 100 years since the ‘first’ revolution, in a country that is closer in reality to the Porfiriato, than the ideals of the Revolución.

This article was first published in Voxxi.

[Photo courtesy Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia]